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The American Cancer Society Youth Initiative Disease Prevention and Youth Without precedent for written history, kids are less solid than their folks were at a similar age. As indicated by the latest Youth Risk Behavior Survey directed by the Centers for Disease Control, youth tobacco rates are at an unsurpassed high among secondary school understudies (28.5%), just 21.4% of youth report eating five servings of products of the soil day by day, and just 32.2% of these adolescent report support in every day physical exercise. It is currently a broadly acknowledged thought that a significant part of the dangers of malignant growth can be diminished through sound practices and that malignant growth is for the most part a preventable sickness. Actually, research shows that about 66% of all malignancies might be forestalled by diminishing tobacco use, expanding physical action and changing sustenance practices. It is the conviction of numerous specialists that these wellbeing practices are at last learned as kids and youth. The American Cancer Society is devoted to killing disease as a significant medical issue by forestalling malignant growth, sparing lives and reducing experiencing malignant growth through exploration, instruction, promotion and administration. To accomplish the objective of lessening malignant growth occurrence and mortality, we should subscribe to a key and coordinated way to deal with disease anticipation and impact the sound decisions that adolescent make while they are available to learning and change. Youth Programs at the American Cancer Society The Northwest Division of the American Cancer Society, serving Washington, Oregon, Montana, and Alaska, started to formalize its disease counteraction youth exercises in 1998 through a program named Speak Out! These projects and exercises started with an essential spotlight on forestalling and decreasing tobacco use among youth and served by and large roughly 450 youth and 110 grown-up guides yearly, the greater part (85%) from Washington State. Stand up! exercises proceed with today and incorporate Speak Out! Summer Summit, seven days in length youth authority and promotion preparing program for secondary school matured youth. Youth are prepared in group building, initiative aptitudes, arranging abilities and backing procedures to figure out how to assemble companions and networks to forestall tobacco use. Notwithstanding Summer Summit, youth programs initially planned included 6 workshops spread out more than four days. These yearly workshops proceed with today and give training, data and the instruments to help youth and grown-up pioneers in their endeavors to assemble successful youth alliances and network organizations to help tobacco anticipation and backing endeavors. This year (2003) we intend to include propelled track projects and offer a sum of 12 workshops.

Thomas friedman is the chief forign correspondent Term Paper

Thomas friedman is the boss forign journalist - Term Paper Example Nonetheless, two conventions of Geneva shows have not been endorsed by the law of United States of America. By the by, the U.S Uniform Code of Military Justice pronounces that torment ought not be drilled by guaranteeing that detainees must be dealt with humanly. The Military Code expresses that infringement of Geneva conflict is a wrongdoing. This is a reasonable sign that torment isn't upheld by Uniform Code of Military Justice since Geneva show pronounces that detainees are secured against torment; open interest, terrorizing and affronts . In addition, whoever submits torment is to be rebuffed by life detainment or term detainment as specified by Uniform Code of Military Justice. The activities of U.S operators in 2002 at Abu Ghraib jail can be viewed as infringement of Geneva agrees as tormenting activities were seen during the U.S intrusion. The tormenting activities included: stripping individuals exposed, jabbing individuals, pushing individuals, utilization of compromising pooches and denying individuals of rest. Nonetheless, one can contend that such strategies were not tormenting however barbaric disciplines and demonstrations of unfeeling which don't torment in spite of the fact that the activities were not defended. Additionally Geneva agrees don't have any significant bearing to Taliban prisoners since the contentions were universal in degree and article three considers just a furnished clash however not a worldwide character. Moreover Taliban prisoners are unlawful gathering thus couldn't be seen as war detainees. What's more, dependability of admission may have been gotten under torment consequently sketchy creation the United States of America’s operators not answerable for demonstrations of torment. One can make an end that the issue happened because of Geneva agrees which were not explicit and that the activities of United States’ specialists were lawful since they were taking care of unlawful gathering. Also, uncertain directions were given to the operators since organization authorities gave out

Cape Verde Macro-Economic Analysis

Cape Verde| â€Å"Most Improved Country†| Introduction Cape Verde is a little nation that traverses ten islands and is 570 kilometers off the shoreline of Western Africa. There is next to no precipitation every year and the land on the majority of the islands are of volcanic starting point. On a few of the islands the land is genuinely level, sandy and dry, while the remainder of the islands are canvassed in rough land. It, accordingly, needs characteristic assets and has encountered serious dry spells. Farming is made troublesome by absence of downpour and is limited to just four islands for a large portion of the year.It is unexpected that the nation is called â€Å"Verde† meaning â€Å"Green,† despite the fact that the vast majority of the land isn't green. Because of the shortage of agribusiness, a large portion of the country's GDP originates from the administration business; all the more explicitly the travel industry, light assembling ventures, and fisheri es. Cape Verde's economy has been consistently developing since the late 1990s, and it is presently formally thought to be a nation of normal turn of events. Through a financial examination of Cape Verde, we will see the associations between its economy, society, and government.The investigation will perceive not just the imperfections and battles of the nation, however will present potential answers for its issues. Government: Past and Present Learning about a country’s government is basic to making sense of their financial subtleties. Uninhabited on their disclosure in 1456, the Cape Verde islands turned out to be a piece of the Portuguese domain in 1495. Portuguese individuals started building up settlements all through the islands, particularly along the ports. They were still represented by the Portuguese government and submitted to no different laws; be that as it may, the Portuguese government didn't have a lot of contribution with the settlements.Therefore, without so lid supportable speculation from the homeland’s government the individuals became progressively discontent with them. Nonetheless, the Portuguese kept on declining to give the nearby specialists more self-sufficiency, or self-overseeing. This discontent irritated and finished in 1956, when a development drove by Amilcar Cabral laid the venturing stones for autonomy for Cape Verde. Cabral and a gathering of individual Cape Verdeans and Guineans composed the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), which requested improvement in financial, social and political conditions in Cape Verde and Portuguese Guinea.The PAIGC started shaping outfitted uprisings against the Portuguese government in Guinea, however were progressively uninvolved in Cape Verde. In 1974, after the upset in Portugal, after which Portugal started forsaking its pilgrim realm, the islands were conceded a transitional government containing Cape Verdeans and Portuguese authorities. In th e long run, the Cape Verdeans chose a national get together which drafted a revelation of freedom on July 5, 1975. Their administration got known as the African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde, or the PAICV.Until 1990, the PAICV controlled Cape Verde as a one gathering just framework; in any case, restriction started developing towards a multiparty government. On Jan. 13, 1991, the first multiparty races since autonomy brought about the decision PAICV losing its lion's share to the new Movement for Democracy Party (MPD). This was a significant occasion in Cape Verde’s history since it fixed their goals to turn into an independent nation. The main issue presently was how might they balance out their economy? Gross domestic product: A Breakdown What is Gross Domestic Product (GDP)?GDP is characterized as the general merchandise and ventures delivered inside a country’s guests during a given year. The GDP of a nation is a significant bit of information which gaug es the size of the economy of a nation. To figure GDP, you include the measure of cash spent on utilization, speculations, government consumptions, fares, and imports. When you discover what the GDP is, you can transform it into dollars by utilizing buying power equality (PPP) or trade rates and afterward you can discover the development rate and GDP per capita.Cape Verde’s economy is generally little contrasted with the remainder of the world. Their economy has in every case basically been a help economy, implying that the majority of their pay and GDP is from administrations instead of farming or industrials. Cape Verde is reliably in the base portion of the GDP range. It is really evident how immature their economy genuinely is when contrasting it with that of nations with comparable size and topography. For instance, Senegal, Cape Verde’s eastern neighbor, likewise is essentially an assistance economy.Their economy, be that as it may, is a lot more grounded than Ca pe Verde’s. Senegal has a Purchasing Power Parity of $23. 86 billion, which is right around multiple times the size of Cape Verde’s! The extent of this distinction is most likely because of the way that Senegal has a greater populace and geographic size. A positive sign for Cape Verde over Senegal is that its GDP genuine development rate is 4. 5% rather than Senegal’s 3. 9%. This shows Cape Verde’s economy is gradually improving as expansion rises. Gross domestic product (2010)| Amount (in US $)| World Rank| GDP (PPP)| $1. 861 billion| 186th |GDP official trade rate| $1. 573 billion| 162nd | GDP per capita| $3,700| 160th | GDP genuine development rate| 4. 5%| 71st | Is Cape Verde Growing? When making sense of the development of Cape Verde, the Consumer Price Index (CPI) decides the pace of swelling. The CPI is a proportion of the general products and enterprises purchased by a run of the mill shopper. It is the essential technique to screen the adjustment s in the average cost for basic items after some time. To compute the CPI you contrast a container of goods’ costs with a specific base year, where the costs are set as $100.The expansion rate depends on the increments or diminishes in cost of the crate of merchandise. At the end of the day, you take the present cost and take away the past cost and afterward isolate the entire condition by the past cost. On the off chance that you duplicate that by 100, you get the pace of expansion. I have decided to contrast three countries’ CPI with show how Cape Verde’s economy has become over the previous decade. As found in the outline beneath, the expenses of merchandise in 2007 was 15 percent higher than it was in 2000. The CPI increment mirrors the high swelling that happened over this time period.By utilizing the CPI, you additionally can see that Cape Verde and Senegal were similarly helpless to expansion in contrast with the bigger, all the more monetarily stable Uni ted States. When relating back to GDP, these numbers bode well, because of the way that the development of the U. S. is fundamentally more prominent than these nations. Country| 2000 Prices (US$)| 2005 Prices (US$)| 2007 Prices (US$)| Cape Verde| $95| $100| $110| Senegal| $93| $100| $108| United States| $88| $100| $106| | In the chart underneath, notice the connection between the development rate and the expansion rate.Over the previous decade, GDP development has pretty continually surpassed swelling, barring 2008. This suggests a positive genuine GDP development rate. Thusly, the GDP of Cape Verde speaks to positive development, and when you consider, the economy is developing at a positive rate. The explanation the expansion rate grew out of the GDP development rate in 2008 was on the grounds that the World Trade Organization affirmed an arrangement that would see Cape Verde become some portion of the WTO. This brought their expansion rate up over their development rate since Cap e Verde needed to submit to the guidelines set by the WTO.However, this was not really an awful thing since it fortified a multilateral exchanging framework for Cape Verde and permitted them to keep on coordinating into the world’s economy. How Do They Sustain Themselves? Because of their absence of characteristic assets, Cape Verde has depended on overwhelming exchange between nations. This is the reason their ongoing passage into the World Trade Organization has been so vital. The chart underneath shows a breakdown of the GDP of Cape Verde by part. As recently referenced, the economy of Cape Verde is for the most part comprised of administrations. The administrations include: trade, transport, and open services.Recently, the legislature has basically centered around the improvement of the travel industry and fisheries. They plan to exploit their geographic area by baiting voyagers in to their extraordinary retreats. Additionally, because of the way that they are an island n ation off the shore of Africa, they can benefit from the advancement of their fisheries. Cape Verde’s horticulture is made troublesome by the absence of precipitation during the year and just four of the ten islands are fruitful. Along these lines, they need to fall back on bringing in the greater part of their food. About 82% of food is brought into Cape Verde every year, making them run a high exchange deficit.This implies that they need to get a substantial measure of remote guide so as to continue themselves. The business part of Cape Verde’s economy for the most part comprises of refining minerals, for example, earth and salt. The other mechanical piece of Cape Verde is comprised of shoes and articles of clothing. Despite the fact that the mechanical part doesn't assume a significant job in the GDP of Cape Verde, it despite everything supplies occupations for the residents of the nation. Are Too Many People Unemployed? Work is a fundamental factor of a countryâ₠¬â„¢s economy. All together for an economy to be feasible, it must have enough individuals that can work and produce GDP for the country.To decide the cooperation of the work power of a nation, you should make sense of what number of individuals in the work power are utilized and jobless. Basically, the work power cooperation rate is number utilized in addition to jobless partitioned by the all out grown-up populace. To ascertain the joblessness rate, you take the absolute number jobless and partition it by the work power. As such, the joblessness rate reveals to us the amount of the work power is being used. In 2000, Cape Verde had a joblessness pace of 21%, with a sum of 155,981 individuals in the work force.The joblessness rate is quite poor contrasted with the remainder of the world; howeve

Forgiveness in Personal life

Absolution is a prevalent good quality and has incredible prize for the person who pardons. Absolution is one of the ethical attributes suggested in the Quran: Hold to pardoning, order what is correct, and get some distance from the uninformed. (Qur'an, 7: 199). In another stanza Allah orders: â€Å"They ought to rather absolve and ignore. OK not love Allah to excuse you? Allah is Ever-Forgiving, Most Merciful. † (Qur'an, 24:22) Those who don't submit to the virtues God has directed think that its hard to excuse others. Since, they are effectively incensed by any mistake submitted. God realizes that pardoning is anything but an exceptionally simple activity and here and there it is extremely hard, that is the reason HE has announced it as an exceptionally unrivaled deed. â€Å"The reimbursement of a terrible activity is one proportionate to it. Yet, in the event that somebody exculpates and puts things right, his prize is with Allah† (Qur'an, 42:40). Despite the fact that numerous individuals may state they have pardoned somebody who has outraged them, it by and by requires some investment to free themselves of the contempt and outrage in their souls. Their conduct will in general sell out that outrage and it pulverizes connections. I accept if pardoning isn’t conceded from heart in accordance with some basic honesty, its not complete absolution. Words are useless if activities don’t follow. Pardoning in Workplace: At the association level absolution is related with higher spirit and fulfillment, more prominent social capital, trust, and caring connections. Absolution doesn't require forsaking outrage or disdain, nor does it require exonerating or excusing the offense. It includes recognizing and reframing negative sentiments and perspectives. Excusing associations experience all the more confiding in collusions, efficiency, quality, client care, and a feeling of calling among workers. Absolution is dynamic not aloof. It includes not just the abrogation of negative feelings and perspectives, yet in addition the improvement of positive feelings and mentalities. Absolution isn't basic in corporate world. On the off chance that a worker submits an error, it’s not taken as slip-up keeping considering history of employee’s execution; rather representative is being terminated or downgraded relying upon the seriousness of misstep. I accept the explanation of non-resilience of the slip-ups nd absence of pardoning society in associations is the progression of the ability that is accessible in the market. Associations that are foolish and don't think about their representatives as their human capital, doesn’t advance pardoning in the work environment. Such associations face immense representative execution issue s because of absence of worker assurance and worker maintenance issues as workers consistently remain shaky about their employments. At the point when directors and pioneers in an association neglect to pardon workers, there is an absence of individual and group profitability that prompts forceful conduct of representatives. A hierarchical culture that doesn't advance absolution will be occupied with negative and ruinous legislative issues which will inevitably diminish the organization’s viability. Every one of us can help make a more noteworthy feeling of pardoning in the way of life of our associations by (1) sincerely assessing ourselves and (2) looking for absolution for our missteps. In light of my own understanding, there are two models in a single situation where pardoning was allowed and the other where it wasn’t. First model includes one of the scout in our area of expertise, who showed a drive and arranged a report that incorporated an investigation of various asset pools and destinations the organization was utilizing, the achievement level of each sourcing pool and what number of workers were employed from that source. She sent the report to leader of the HR division. HR head got her report well, however her chief was furious about her evident absence of regard and dismissal for the levels of leadership. Their working relationship got stressed in the weeks that followed. The second included myself, at one of my startup occupations, I was liable for selecting and on boarding. My activity duties included enrolling, sending offer letter, illuminating IT about the worker date with the goal that the recently recruited employee PC is prepared on the beginning date. Once I neglected to advise the IT office about the beginning date. The primary day of the recently recruited employee, who was an executive level competitor, office wasn’t prepared. He needed to sit tight for an hour before IT needed to set up everything without prior warning earnest premise. In spite of the fact that my chief was exceptionally furious, however he bolstered me and had the option to see past my mix-up, thought about my presentation to date, and perceived my capability of the individual. In spite of the fact that I was considered responsible yet my supervisor didn't hold the occurrence against me. Truth be told, supervisor proposed that I devise an answer for the issue with the goal that such an event would not occur once more. I recorded the entire onboarding method with all the means that guaranteed the all means are followed appropriately later on.

Can china solve Taiwan problem using one country under two policy Research Paper

Would china be able to tackle Taiwan issue utilizing one nation under two strategy - Research Paper Example Moreover, I would likewise examine different variables that add to the contention among China and Taiwan. â€Å"China can't pick up Taiwan forcibly before the finish of this decade.† (McCready, 8) Basically, the examination paper analyzed if China can tackle the contest with Taiwan utilizing one nation under two approaches. Be that as it may, numerous inquiries despite everything emerge with respect to this contention if China would abandon Taiwan and let them make the most of their sway? Why is United States not supporting China thinking about their ongoing super force status? For what reason does the Nationalist Party need to rejoin the People’s Republic of China? By the by, the autonomous province of Taiwan according to China or Taiwan converging with China indeed appears to be an endless clash. It is said that Taiwan â€Å"Should pass the final turning point in attesting its autonomy and end the possibility of rejoining mother China.† (Tsang, 10) The legislat ure of Taiwan has large number of purposes behind not converging back and not surrendering their freedom from China. Taiwan has the privilege to make the most of its opportunity and to thrive, along these lines denying them of their privileges is no reason. China and Taiwan hold an exceptionally humble and delicate relationship with one another. â€Å"China, Taiwan, the United States, and Japan have national interests in how the contention is settled, and these interests will be hard to reconcile.† (McCready, 5) Therefore, China should end their endeavors and abandon Taiwan as the Taiwanese right now are content with their free state both by and by and financially. As the time passes on, these contentions will chill off. To summarize it in the best way, Taiwanese are happy with their current state so there is no space for exchanges in such manner. Sooner or later, China will show development and leave Taiwan so they can make the most of their opportunity. Likewise, the quanti ty of individuals visiting Taiwan from China has additionally colossally expanded with the progression of time and Taiwan has wholeheartedly expanded its share for Chinese guests. Thus more or less, Taiwan is very content with their autonomous state and they are monetarily steady and cheerful too, which leaves China in no condition to arrange consolidating them back with China, despite the fact that it is said that the efficient relations among Taiwan and China are very steady and they are dynamic exchange accomplices. As I would like to think China can't settle this China-Taiwan struggle by utilizing a solitary nation under two strategies. Outline Template:â 1) My examination point: I needed to dissect that whether China can take care of Taiwan issue utilizing one nation under two arrangements. 2) I have taken in the following: I have learnt through my examination that China and Taiwan have been in the condition of turmoil since Taiwan isolated from China. I need to consider th e elements that add to the contention and what else should be done so as to conquer the contention. 3) These perceptions lead me to ask the accompanying questions:â Whether China would abandon Taiwan and let it make the most of their sway? Will this contention ever end? For what reason is the United States not supporting China, thinking about their ongoing super force status? For what reason does the Nationalist Party need to rejoin the People’s Republic of China? 4) This inquiry has a few conceivable answers: Many components add to the contention, in this way, there are various reasons. Some accept that the contention will continue, while others are hopeful about the

Organizational strategic plan for CanGo - Free Essay Example

Executive Summary This three year strategic and marketing plan will serve to assist CanGo in increasing the bottom line, through decreasing cost and potential entry into new markets. Currently CanGo has a 1.5% market share of the current $32 billion a year ecommerce market. If CanGo were to increase its market share by only one percentage point this would double revenues and increase capability of future and current investments. The deployment of the strategic and marketing plan will focus on solidifying the structural foundation of the organization, concentrating on the stratification of departments and recognition of the skills required to propel CanGo forward in achieving this goal. An analysis of the current ecommerce industry, along with financial analysis, will pinpoint how funds are currently allocated and therefore can be used in order to gain market share with a proper strategy and timeline for which preparation for monetary gain and investment will occur. A well designed strategy geared toward decreasing cost, while gaining new market entry, will be to the best advantage for CanGo and its future profitability. The 5D Consulting Group would like to show CanGo how an entry into the M-Commerce (mobile commerce) market can increase market share while significantly decreasing cost of shipping and handling through the offering of instantly downloadable books, games and music to mobile devices. This plan will also show CanGo how it can improve upon company logistics through the procurement of additional resources that will assist in managing further expansion in the Ecommerce Industry. SWOT Analysis The following is the SWOT analysis that was used as a basis for our recommendations for CanGo. It will serve as a guide to formulate and develop a strategic management plan. It assists in identifying the areas of the business that are working well and the areas of the business that need improvement. Taken together, they allow targeted action to facilitate future success at CanGo. Strengths CanGo is a very successful small business with markets into books, magazines, music, movies, and recently online gaming. The recent acquisition of a substantial inventory of online games from Webjouster (CanGo intranet, 2009) has given CanGo a competitive advantage as well as a cost-savings for bulk buying. This has allowed CanGo to enter the online gaming industry relatively quickly. They have become one of the fastest growing online retailers, which is a major feat for a small business. Theyve even drawn the attention of international consumers, namely in Japan, which shows their potential to be one of the leaders in e-retail and online gaming. One of their major strengths is their philosophy of operating as if they are the customer. This gives them a major advantage because they are able to more closely understand the customers needs and wants. CanGo also has strength in the added value of its employees. They all seem to have a great interest in the company. Employees at CanG o have a good sense of responsibility and care about the companys overall well being. Furthermore, they have an intuitive feel of the market and know that they want to move forward growing the company and increasing performance. Weaknesses CanGos major weakness lies in their lack of planning. Online retail is extremely competitive. Not having any plans or direction for the company could be disastrous. CanGo needs strategic planning which would help them plan what to do in general and in the case of an emergency. Additionally, having a mission statement and vision statement lets employees, investors, and consumers know what the direction of the company is as well as why the company is in existence. When going up against e-retail giants, CanGo needs to have those minimum requirements addressed. Another weakness is CanGos inability to work together as a team. Each team member has a designated task for a reason. Members of the upper management need to be consulted before making any major decisions. This would help ensure CanGo isnt taking on plans they cant afford to take. For example, consulting the Director of Accounting before venturing into online gaming would have warned them they were in the red. Additionally, u pper management should work better with team members. More detail and better instruction needs to be given to employees concerning specific tasks. Giving tasks without direction will just cause more back and forth between employees and upper management. They also lack a coherent and meaningful way to review employees performance so that problems can be addressed promptly. On the technical side, the company must realize that it needs to modernize itself through means of bar code reading, upgrading of its website and internal phone system, and implementation of an automated storage and retrieval system (ASRS). Also, CanGo as a company is uncertain of its direction and how to proceed with its rapid success; especially recently into the Japanese market. There is finally a general lack of understanding of how ideas at CanGo can be formulated, evaluated, and transformed into productive action. Opportunities CanGos opportunities lie in its ability to improve efficiency by implementing an ASRS, as doing so would provide a positive rate of return on invested capital. Other opportunities lie in the Japanese market and an excellent move would be to partner with a Japanese firm to continue their growth there. They also have an opportunity to further continue into the online gaming industry, as it has seen rapid growth which CanGo is intent to capitalize on. The online gaming industry is the economic sector involved with the development, marketing and sale of video and computer games. The gaming industry has been growing exponentially in recent years and is expected to leap-frog in the future. CanGos entrance into this area allows the company to sell their products to a global market. Also, there has been interest in CanGo from public investors with simultaneous recognition of CEO Barrett as Business Person of the Year, which again presents an opportunity for CanGo. Threats CanGos major threat is from larger, more established competitors such as Amazon and eBay who already have a foothold in the multimedia marketplace. If CanGo becomes too debt burdened by its venture into online gaming or due to poor implementation of an ASRS, they could become unable to compete even if they address all other problems. Further threatening CanGo is its manual order fulfillment process and the substantial inventory recently acquired, which may compound the currently high number of human errors. Other companies have an advantage over CanGo through the use of an ASRS. Another risk to CanGo is its lack of a long-term business strategy with regards to a lack of planning and risk management. Lastly, if CanGo is interested in expansion, it will encounter the threat of an ever increasing complicated and competitor filled international market for goods and services. Industry Analysis: Trends in E-Commerce E-Commerce according to Internet Moms.Com has become more and more common. The reasons: hectic lifestyle and internet shopping with its convenience saves time. It is predicted that the market will nearly double in size over the next five years. In 2008 the total sales in the global ecommerce industry were nearly $204 billion (Knight, 2008). The United States consumers account for 3.8% of the global industry taking in $32 billion, ranking number eight. Countries that outrank the U.S. in online consumerism are South Korea, Germany, UK, and Japan. South Korea ranks number one with 99% of internet users stating they have shopped online (Nielsen, 2008). In the U.S, ecommerce accounts for 3% of total retail sales revenues. The online gaming sector of ecommerce is coupled with DVD and videos and as a collective it is considered online entertainment. Online gaming accounts for $49 billion of total online sales which covers 24% of total global ecommerce sales, which is shown in Figure I bas ed on the Nielsen Online Global Shopping Report Feb. 2008: The global ecommerce industry consists of 875 million internet users (Nielsen, 2008) who have made purchases using the internet; 8% of these users consist of 70 million US internet shoppers; 63% of these internet surfers/shoppers are female and they outnumber males 3 to 2. (Internet Based Moms , 2009). People who will most likely shop online according to Internet Based Moms are women and people with children. This source also indicates that an organizations profit can be increased if the product or service can be received electronically, and time and money can be saved if you do not have to keep inventory or ship items. They also recommend that you have someone else keep the inventory or do the shipping for you if at all possible, as well as, offering a substantively unique product or service to attract consumers. Compared to CanGos competitors, they currently only occupy 1% of the ecommerce market. With such a small p ortion of the market, CanGo can be considered part of the small internet company category which currently occupies 83% of the total ecommerce market and consists of thousands of internet businesses. We suggest that CanGo watch their competitors closely in order to create a benchmarking system to gain a competitive advantage and increase their market share. Amazon.com, eBay, and BarnesandNoble.com currently occupy a large portion of the ecommerce market and would be CanGos largest competitors. With sales over $19.1 billion in 2008 (Amazon Annual Report, 2008), Amazons current market share is 9% (Figure II). Amazon is an online retailer, that offers a wide range of products, including but not limited to, books, movies, music, games, and digital downloads. They also offer personalized shopping services, web-based credit card payment, and direct shipping to customers. (Bloomberg, 2009) Amazon operates internationally as well, with websites in Canada, China, France, Japan, Germany, an d the UK. They have programs that allow people to sell their products on either Amazon sites or their own branded websites. Developers can access technology infrastructure to create any type of business by utilizing Amazon Web Services. Amazon even offers co-branded credit card programs, fulfillment, and other marketing and promotional services, such as online advertising. (Yahoo Finance, 2009) With sales around $8.5 billion in 2008 (eBay Annual Report 2008), eBays current market share is 4% (Figure II). They are one of the worlds largest online market places, with more than 88 million active users globally. They connect various individual buyers and sellers, as well as small businesses through their online market places. In 2008, the total worth of goods sold on eBay was $60 billion, which translates to $2,000 every second. (eBay, 2009) eBay operates in three segments: Marketplaces, Payments, and Communications. Their Marketplaces segment provides online commerce platforms th at enable buyers and sellers to interact and trade with one another. Besides the traditional eBay.com, they offer other platforms such as StubHub, OpusForum, and Shopping.com and various services, such as feedback forum, safe harbor program, and verified rights owner. Their Payments segment offers PayPal and Bill Me Later payment platform, solutions, and services. Lastly, their Communications segment consists of Skype, the Internet communication product, which offers its software in approximately 28 languages. (Yahoo Finance, 2009) With online sales totaling $466 million (Barnes Noble Annual Report, 2008), BarnesandNoble.com occupies 3% of the ecommerce market (Figure II). By leveraging the power of the Barnes Noble brand name, BN.com offers online customers direct home delivery of millions of books, CDs, DVDs, eBooks and digital download content from its website and from a wide range of platforms, including the iPhone, iPod touch and select BlackBerryreg; and Motorola Smartpho ne. (Barnes Noble Booksellers, 2009) With their numerous warehouses across the United States, they are able to stock over 1 million titles for immediate delivery. Their robust search engine enables customers to locate books by title, author, or keyword in just few seconds, browse pages to sift through hundreds of categories, read descriptions and reviews, and their See Inside program lets customers read excerpts from tens of thousands of titles. They even offer editor recommendations and customer reviews on hundreds of thousands of titles. In 2009, they became a leader in eBooks, offering over 1 million titles and launching nook, the worlds most advanced eBook reader, which features groundbreaking technology, a color touch screen and lets readers download books in seconds. (Barnes Noble, 2009) Financial Analysis According to the CanGos balance sheet, it appears that they are using much of their short term assets to acquire inventory for the company. CanGos plant, property, a nd equipment are depreciating at a rate of $320,000 per year and have a useable life of 20 years before they are fully depreciated. CanGos brand name and goodwill are amortizing at a slower pace, meaning the companys name will complete amortization in just about 40 years. CanGo currently has $57,400,000 worth of debt that needs to be paid within the next 24 years. They currently have $12 million available for investment and their total sales revenues generated $51 million. CanGo lost about 1% of this amount in sales returns, which is in contrast to the previous year when the loss was 3% of the total revenues. This demonstrates improvement in processes. CanGo made $41 million dollars worth of profit and used this money to cover operating expenses. Since the merger, they have increased business but they have also increased the amount of debt they are carrying. Profitability Ratios include Operating Profit Margin, Net Profit Margin, Return on Assets and Return on Equity (Figure I II). These values are positive for CanGo and give a green light for potential investors. Investors may also take into account liquidity ratios which demonstrate the efficiency for the company to cover its debts as they become due. CanGos Net Profit Margin of 10.80% (Figure III) is high indicating a change in strategy from previous years. This also indicates a higher risk which is justifiable in order to generate a higher profit. CanGo needs to pay attention to its allocation of assets because this is where profitability ratios are used. Quick Ratio excludes inventory which brings the ratio down a few points but is still remains high for this industry. Their Current Ratio of 5.39 is high the current Ratio is 2.27 without including its marketable securities as current assets. The Current Ratio results from dividing Current Assets by Current Liabilities. An optimum ratio approach will be 1; a negative number can indicate CanGos difficulties meeting its short-term obligations. Oppos ite to this, a Current Ratio being greater than 1 shows inefficient use of funds. Current Inventory Turnover measures how many times CanGo turns its inventory into profit; again an optimal value is 1. CanGo being at .28 is still good because is not a negative number. CanGo is doing better than Barnes Noble in regards to Return on Assets (ROA) (Figure IV), meaning that they are using their assets more efficiently. Return on Equity (ROE) accounts for dividends paid to common stock holders but after dividends to preferred stock, Amazon, Barnes Noble and eBay pay their stockholders a higher return for their dividends than CanGo, shareholders equity does not include preferred shares. CanGo is almost at eBays level when it comes to Operating Profit Margin. It is best to look at the change in operating margin over time and to comparethe companys yearly or quarterlystatement to those of its competitors. Ifa companys margin is increasing, it is earning more per dollar of sales. Curre nt Ratio and Quick Ratio are very high for CanGo compared to its competitors. This shows that these other companies are using their funds more efficiently to create a profit and CanGo is not. Implementation Plan In year one, the 3% loss in accounts receivables should be offset through acquisition of a check and verification system. Subscription costs are reasonable and will reduce loss by more than 30% resulting in an increase in liquid assets (Figure V). Supplier inventory cost can be reduced by utilizing an E-retailer service for downloadable e-book, music, and gaming inventory. CanGo could also establish a relationship with the current supplier to contract 3% royalties on all customers that are redirected to the supplier for tangible purchases. This will decrease inventory cost by 42% (Figure V) resulting in a large amount of savings for company operations. In year two, CanGos realization for investment potential should increase. Acquisitions and Procurement from the pre vious year should have increased revenues and decreased inventory cost. Also, a market for instant downloadable games and products should have been realized. This will be the perfect time for CanGo to re-authorize 20 million shares of common stock at a two for one increasing investors for the short term, fueling investment income. In the latter part of year two and the beginning of year 3, CanGo should see a solid increase in gross profit and continuing operations income (Figure V). They should begin to restructure the organization. This organizational augmentation should include a project management and information technology department, with the inclusion of sub-contractors, advisors and consultants. A matrix model should be used so that experienced employees can head experienced staff in specified departments. This will capitalize and structure the talents and knowledge of the staff that are currently a part of CanGo. This structure will renew confidence in current employees, initiate and instill responsibility, build trust, enhance decision making capability, and assist in the realization of CanGos overall goals, values, and mission. Finally during years three and four, new market penetration and proper allocation of funds should be CanGos focus. CanGo by this time should have experienced growth in the current ecommerce market, with a noticeable ability to enter the mobile-commerce (m-commerce) market, of palm pilots, cell phones, and PDAs (Figure VI). Acquisitions will have helped CanGo realize this market and the well established information technology department will assist in integrating and researching the software needed to compete. Additional profits and savings should be strategically used to re-invest in assisting the company in gaining a competitive advantage. References Amazon. (2009). Media Kit: Company Facts. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from: https://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=176060p=irol-factSheet Amazon Annual Report. (2008). Amazon.com Annual Report 2008. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from Scribd: https://www.scribd.com/doc/14670406/Amazon-Annual-Report-2008 Barnes Noble. (2009). About Barnes Noble.com. Retrieved November 28, 2009 from Barnes Noble: https://www.barnesandnoble.com/help/cds2.asp?PID=8157cds 2Pid=20619linkid=1352321 Barnes Noble Annual Report. (2008). Barnes Noble 2008 Annual Report. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from Barnes Noble Inc: https://www.barnesandnobleinc.com/ for_investors/annual_reports/2008_Annual_Report.pdf Barnes Noble Booksellers. (2009). For Investors. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from Barnes Noble Inc: https://www.barnesandnobleinc.com/for_investors/for_investors.html? cds2Pid=20619linkid=1352322 Blackwell. (2005-2009). Put your Budget to Good UseBefore You Spend a Penny of It. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from Blackwell Baker Taylor: https://www.blackwell.com/orders_and_purchasing/automatic_deposit_accounts Bloomberg. (2009). AMZN: US Amazon.com Inc. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from Bloomberg: https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/quote?ticker=AMZN%3AUS CanGo Intranet. (2009). CanGo Purchases Webjouster. Retrieved November 30, 2009, from DeVry University: https://myphlip2.pearsoncmg.com/masteringbusiness/cango/index.html eBay. (2009). The eBay Company. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from eBay: https://pages.ebay.com/aboutebay/thecompany/companyoverview.html eBay Annual Report. (2008). eBay Annual Report 2008. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from https://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ebay/784094560x0x281367/1b773a7c-8c14- 45b8-915a-1716ca37dda0/eBay_2008AR.pdf InfoMerchant. (2009). Merchant Account Info For Businesses. Retrieved November 30, 2009, from InfoMerchant: https://www.infomerchant.net/merchantaccounts/merchant-account- rates.html Internet Based Moms. (2009). Selling on the Internet: Some Internet Statistics. Retrieved November 21, 2009, from Internet Based Moms: https://www.internetbasedmoms.com/net_selling.htm Knight, K. (2008, February 5). Forrester: online shopping growth to slow. Retrieved November 20, 2009, from BizReport: https://www.bizreport.com/2008/02/forrester_online_shopping_growth_to_slow.html Nielson. (2008, February). Global Online Shopping Report 2008. Retrieved November 20, 2009, from Nielson Consumer Reporting https://th.nielsen.com/site/documents/GlobalOnlineShoppingReportFeb08.pdf Overdrive INC. (2009). OverDrive Leading Digital Media Services. Retrieved November 30, 2009, from E-Retail Services EBook and Audiobook Delivery Platform: https://www.overdrive.com/files/RetailerBrochure.pdf Yahoo Finance. (2009). AMZN: Profile for Amazon.com, Inc. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from Yahoo Finance: https://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=AMZN Yahoo Finance. (2009). EBAY: Profile for eBay Inc. Retrieved November 28, 2009 from Yahoo Finance: https://finance.yahoo.com/q/pr?s=EBAY

Quality Factors - Free Essay Example

Patient centered care is defined as â€Å"†¦Providing care that is respectful of, and responsive to, individual patient preferences, needs and values, and ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions† (Institute of Medicine, 2001, 3). There are a number of factors that influence delivery of patient centred care, broadly falling under the umbrellas of management leadership, the care environment, and, medical factors. For these factors to work efficiently, and towards the best possible healthcare outcome for the patient, effective communication is necessary. Patient centered care is dependant on a number of factors. First, by the effective coordination of service overseen by efficient and visionary management and leadership.   Second, creating well-appointed care environments for both staff and patients. Third, by providing an appropriate level of care in terms of medical practice, thereby enabling successful patient care. Finally, through the continuous effective use of communication and use of technology; this latter factor important to the functioning of the prior factors. Effective patient centered care is dependant on the decisions of the management and leadership of healthcare organizations and professionals (Shaller, 2007; Parand, Dopson, Renz, Vincent, 2014, 1-2).   Management must be supportive of the lower levels of management and leadership in the healthcare facility, and must implement policies and practices supportive of these individuals.   This occurs through strategic business plans and goals, which incorporate feedback from staff and other stakeholders. There must also be recognizable and measurable benchmarks for all stages of the patient centered care delivery practice of the organization. There must be technology supportive of the healthcare environment, of staff, patients, and patients’ families. Supportive technology includes   electronic patient records; the ability of new technology to ‘talk’ to old technology, and training for staff. Staffing, at the appropriate levels, including sufficient technology st aff to address the technology needs of the healthcare facility, is also very important. The care environment must be supportive of the needs of staff, patients, and patients’ families (Stone, Hughes, Dailey, 2008, 2-10). There needs to be constant awareness of patients’ concerns together with staff concerns, i.e., staff continued professional education, multidisciplinary care teams for patients.   This involves shared information and skills of all the healthcare professionals, that is, a collaborative care team working in a collegial collaborative care teams. The involvement of the patient’s caregivers in any supportive care of the patient is also important, and technology can help facilitate this. This also applies to the family and friends, with the patient’s approval, in the care of the patient. Awareness and sensitivity to patient’s non-medical needs, as well as the patient’s spiritual beliefs and practices are also important. Technology in the form of phones and televisions in rooms, as well as Internet access, will enha nce the care environment for the patient. For staff, technology that enables interaction with other healthcare professionals and with patients also facilitates a comfortable and welcoming environment. In terms of medical factors, important to the duty of care of the patient, issues such as following medical guidelines regarding medical directives, policies, following personal protective equipment policies, are among the elements of ensuring appropriate medical care for the patient (Carayon Wood, 2010, 1-8). On-going training of staff and education regarding current medical practices and research, should be consistent and a supportive environment for staff, e.g., awareness of issues like violence in the workplace, play an important part in ensuring appropriate patient centered care. Communication technology enables the foregoing factors to function effectively. Supportive technology facilitates both the healthcare professional and the patient; that is, technology â€Å"†¦engages patients and families directly in the care process† (Shaller, 2007, 17). Technology can be used to allow better communication between healthcare professionals and their patients, as well as the patients’ families (Shaller, 2007, 2). Electronic patient records also allow multi-disciplinary healthcare teams to better share patient information, in a timely manner. Electronic patient records goes beyond simply patient records. If healthcare professionals can digitize x-rays, test results, and other pertinent patient medical information, this enables more efficient transfer of information between health care departments and even healthcare systems (Shaller, 2007, 6). Technology also facilitates outpatient care in terms of self-care, as well as health promotion. This allows a certain amount of patient autonomy as a part of a self-care program (Shaller, 2007, 6) * Technology * Communication * Collaboration * Shared decision making * Laws, regulations, and policies 2. Analyze changes in technology and their effect on quality patient care. 3. Explain the roles of communication, collaboration, and shared decision making. 4. Consider communication and collaboration between health care team members, between the patient and staff, and involving insurance companies.

Civil War The United States Of The Western Hemisphere

t compiled to cause the Civil War in the later years. Although there is the negative effect, the positive is also very big in that inventions like the Cotton Gin improved society and the economy. John Quincy Adams (The Monroe Doctrine) John Quincy Adams was the sixth president of the United States of America. His term began March of 1825 and lasted up until March 1829. He was very influential in that he served in President Monroe’s cabinet and was a figure involved in the writing of the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine although initially served little influence, became known as a long-term foundation of the U.S. foreign policy. Inscribed within the contents of the Monroe Doctrine, the most fundamental base for U.S. policy towards the nations of the Western Hemisphere. There were four basic components to the Monroe Doctrine. It mainly served to warn European powers to stay out of Latin America’s affairs. First and foremost, it emphasized the fact that the Western Hemisphere wasn’t open to colonize. Second, it aimed to reiterate that Europe and America had political systems that were different. Third, it warned that any interference to the Western Hemisphere or any of its affairs would be regards as interference and thus considered a threat to security. Lastly, it mad the point that the U.S. would not get involved in any wars in Europe or change any colonies already established in the areas of the Western Hemisphere. Even though the Doctrine was invoked many times withShow MoreRelatedThe Doctrine Of The United States1227 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica, the United States would have to intervene Due to defaulted debts to European investors, German, Great Britain, and Italian blocked the ports of Venezuela until the debts were paid off. They assured President Theodore Roosevelt that this blocking was only temporary and there were no territorial ambitions, which would violate the Monroe doctrine. This blockage was part of Venezuela’s crisis of 1902-1903, and because of this crisis, United States were not too far from going to war with ImperialRead MorePrimary Cause Of The Civil War Essay838 Words   |  4 Pages The Civil War began from the battle at Fort Sumter, where the Confederacy took Fort Sumter from the Union.The root of the Civil War is probably one of the most disputed topics in American history. Some historians argue that slavery was the primary cause of the American Civil War, where as others argue that slavery may have been a reason, but not the primary cause of the Civil War. They argued that the main reason of the Civil War was State’s rights were being jeopardized, which led to the State’sRead MoreInternational Events Involving The U.s. Military Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesCanal. 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Tyler asserted (during his 1842 address) that, â€Å"Carefully abstaining from all interference in questions exclusively referring themselves to the political interests of Europe, we may be permitted to hope an equal exemption from the interference of European governments in what relates to the States of the American Continent† . Tyler extended presidential authority and lay emphasis on westwardRead MoreU.s Expansionism : Manifest Destiny1363 Words   |  6 Pagescontinents. As the United States grew in authority, so did its concept of expansionism. This very concept brought about the war with Mexico which led to the United States receiving what is now known as the southwest. At the outset, the market revolutio n, advancements in transportation, and increasing nationalism drove Americans to seek opportunities to spread the virtues of the United States across the continent and beyond. The belief in manifest destiny caused the United States to expand from â€Å"sea

Diabetes An Essential Strategy For Controlling Type 2...

Diabetes is the major cause of morbidity and mortality, and it may lead to multiple conditions (Ghafoor, Riaz, Eichorst, Fawwad Basit, 2015). The incidence of diabetes complications can be reduced if the clients are able to control their blood sugar level (BGL), thereby reducing hospital interventions and health care costs (Kewming D Amore, Eleanor Mitchell, 2016). Hence client education is said to be the corner stone of diabetes management (O’Brien, Cardwell, Nair Hardy, 2015). Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is an essential strategy for controlling Type 2 Diabetes. The DSME aims to modify lifestyle and to promote self-management practices, thereby promoting positive metabolic outcomes (Ghafoor, Riaz, Eichorst, Fawwad Basit, 2015). Rural district nurses provide diabetes education for their clients by promoting client engagement, regular assessment and encouraging clients to follow medical advice (Dunning, 2013). In my clinical setting Type 2 diabetic education is conducted by the rural nurse. Initially, the rural nurse assesses the literacy level of health consumers and family by holistic communication. Thereafter, the nurse educates the client on appropriate interventions to manage signs, symptoms and possible complications of diabetes and how to live with it (Padgett, Mumford, Hynes Carter, 2013). This involves education, usually through home visits, about control of blood glucose, medications and their side effects, appropriate diet and exercise,Show MoreRelatedDiabetes Case Study1337 Words   |  6 Pagespumps are not more effective than injections at helping people with type 1 diabetes control their blood sugar levels and people with type 2 diabetes can control their glucose level by following a healthy meal plan and losing excess weight and by taking medications. The medications will often change during the course of the disease for each person. 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These cells use glucose for energy. Insulin is a hormone madeRead MoreDiabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Essay1619 Words   |  7 PagesDiabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common microvascular complications in diabetes and can result in foot ulceration, ampuation and an impaired quality of life(Carrington AL, et al 2002,Boulton AJ,et al 2004). The reported prevalence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy ranges from 16% to as high as 66%2 and its prevelance is believed to increase with the duration of diabetes and poor glucose control.(Boulton AJ.et al 2000) It’s accounts for 50–75% of non-traumatic amputations in

Human And Environmental Interactions Of The Salem Creek...

Human and Environmental Interactions Each watershed varies depending on location. The Salem Creek watershed naturally consists of rocks, vegetation, water, clay and loam soils, slopes, and juvenile aquatic life. Conversely, there is naturally some stream bank and soil erosion. As for human features, the watershed consists of drainage pipes, sewage pipes, bridges, mounds of cement, and pollution sources. Most of the human features are generally in the highly urbanized areas of the watershed, which consists of northwestern portion of Winston-Salem, NC. There were also impervious surfaces bordering both sides of the watershed. On the stretch parallel to Old Salem Road, there was Old Salem Road on one side of the watershed, and housing and other buildings on the other. With the portion that is appears near South Main Street, there is a multiuse development and major road bordering it. There is also cement on the furthest side of the watershed and a sidewalk on the other that border the w ide portion of the watershed that is located in the Salem Creek Greenway. Many of these impervious surfaces have drainage systems that run directly into the watershed. As shown above in the center picture, there is direct drainage from the street to the watershed with no type of filtration, which in return has cause the glistening polluted puddle in front of the drainage pipe. Salem College as well as Old Salem are large tourists attractions for Winston-Salem, NC. In order to continue the

Review Of Khaled Hosseini s Kite Runner Essay - 1386 Words

I was on a plane when I finished reading Khaled Hosseini’s Kite Runner, but my public surroundings didn’t deter me from crying as I would have, snuggled under the covers in my bed. This book transported me to another world, with atrocities that I could never have imagined; and the worst part was that it is based on history. Literature like this has the power to convey themes and ideas through the stories and actions of characters. In his book How to Read Literature like a Professor, Thomas Foster teaches his readers to become aware of this power by describing the recurring ideas that appear in literature, and what they mean. After reading this book, one of the chapters that stood out to me, because it reminded me of The Kite Runner, was chapter 11: â€Å"More Than It’s Gonne Hurt You: Concerning Violence†. Violence in literature, according to Foster, has cultural and societal implications, though in real life, an act of violence may not contain any meaning beyond sheer aggression. Foster makes the distinction that in mystery novels, violence lacks the extra layer of meaning, because the author writes it in for a different purpose entirely. After having watched several detective shows, I can confirm that the violent act merely serves as a means of creating a plot at the beginning, while the emphasis of the plot is more focused on how the mystery is solved, rather than the reason for the act of violence in the first place. However, in most other genres, violence contains anotherShow MoreRelatedThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1941 Words   |  8 PagesKhaled Hosseini’s novel The Kite Runner readers are interested to learn about the society in Afghanistan. The author wrote the book in a way that anyone of any age that reads it can relate to it. As an Afghan- American novelist, Ho sseini’s language used in the book was understandable to both American and Afghan readers. The success of the book made it to the New York Times #1 top sellers best list in 2005 gaining more recognition for the book. The book has been making a tremendous amount of successRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini.published Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesThe Kite Runner is the kind of novel portraying the common issues of the lives of parents and children. The Kite Runner is the first novel by Afghan-American author Khaled Hosseini.Published by Riverhead Books, it recounts the narratives of Amir, a young boy from the WazirAkbar Khan district of Kabul, whose closest companion is Hassan, son of his father s servant Hazara. The story is situated against a backdrop of turbulent and volatile events, from the fall of Afghanistan s monarchy through theRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1574 Words   |  7 Pagesin Khaled Hosseini’s, The Kite Runner, is love. The Kit e Runner follows Amir, the main character, finding redemption from a series of traumatic childhood events. Throughout the novel, the author uses many powerful symbols to represent the complexity of love that many experience in relationships. The use of the kite, the pomegranate tree, the slingshot, and the cleft lip all tie together to underscore a universal theme of love. To begin, the most explicit symbol present in the book is the kite. TheRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1083 Words   |  5 PagesIn my view The Kite Runner is an epic story with a personal history of what the people of Afghanistan had and have to endure in an ordinary every day life; a country that is divided between political powers and religiously idealistic views and beliefs which creates poverty, and violence within the people and their terrorist run country. The story line is more personal with the description of Afghanistan s culture and traditions, along with the lives of the people who live in Kabul. The story providesRead MoreJsdgflka3918 Words   |  16 Pageslearn to independently analyze and compare and contrast literary and cinematic content using formal prose writing. âž ¢ Complete assigned homework. An example of homework assignments, other than the required reading, is bringing to class for a peer review workshop well-developed, word-processed drafts of your required course essays. Learning Objective: Students learn how to draft successful papers in stages; to respond critically and constructively to the work of their fellow students and thereby toRead MoreReview Of A Thousand Splendid Suns Essay3732 Words   |  15 Pagesportrays the theme of war and it’s after-effects in full limelight and thus the research topic is very much related to it. INTRODUCTION Khaled hosseini is an American novelist who was born and brought up in Afghan . He practiced medical and was a physician until the success of his first novel ‘The Kite Runner’.He talks about Kabul and it’s conditions at the time of war in all his three novels from different perspectives. The novel A ThousandRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini2133 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"There is only one sin, only one. And that is theft... When you tell a lie, you steal someone s right to the truth. When you cheat, you steal the right to fairness... there is no act more wretched than stealing† (Hosseini, 2004). Though this quote by Khaled Hosseini is written concerning a situation in fictional story, The Kite Runner, the words still ring true in our lives. A large portion of our days consists of communication and interactions between one another at work, home, and social groups/eventsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book And The Mountains Echoed By Khaled Hosseini2562 Words   |  11 Pagesobjective of this thesis is to review the book ‘And the mountains echoed’ by Khaled Hosseini. This thesis will deal with the characters and the emotions they portray throughout the book. The book was published in 2013 and received a favourable response overall. It late r on became a bestseller like the author’s other two books: ‘The kite runner’ and ‘A thousand splendid suns’. Within a short span of 5 months, it sold over 3 million copies. Being his pattern, Hosseini drew on his early experiencesRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pagesnovel is sometimes used interchangeably with Bildungsroman, but its use is usually wider and less technical. The birth of the Bildungsroman is normally dated to the publication of Wilhelm Meister s Apprenticeship by Johann Wolfgang Goethe in 1795–96,[8] or, sometimes, to Christoph Martin Wieland s Geschichte des Agathon of 1767.[9] Although the Bildungsroman arose in Germany, it has had extensive influence first in Europe and later throughout the world. Thomas Carlyle translated Goethe’s novel

A study on motivational factors influencing work place behaviour of employees free essay sample

This project is entitled A STUDY ON MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS INFLUENCING WORK PLACE BEHAVIOUR OF EMPLOYEES with reference to â€Å"TAQA NEYVELI POWER COMPANY Pvt. , Ltd. ,†, located at Neyveli. In this company there are 145 employees including the staff members. For this study, I have chosen a sample size 30 employees through a systematic sampling. This study helps to know the factors that are influencing the motivational level of employees in the organization. This project had been undertaken by me to find out the needs and wants of the employees to motivate them. Under this Study a questionnaire that contained the questions relating to the employees expectations are given to them and their responses are recorded. The gathered data had been analyzed relating to employee motivations. CHAPTER-1 1. INTRODUCTION The project work titled as A STUDY ON MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS INFLUENCING WORK PLACE BEHAVIOUR OF EMPLOYEES with special reference to TAQA NEYVELI POWER COMPANY Pvt. , Ltd. ,, is mainly conducted to identify the factors which will motivate the employees in that organization. Management’s basic job is the effective utilization of human resources for achievements of organizational objectives. The personnel management is concerned with organizing human resources in such a way to get maximum output to the enterprise and to develop the talent of people at work to the fullest satisfaction. Motivation implies that one person, in organization context a manager, includes another, say an employee, to engage in action by ensuring that a channel to satisfy those needs and aspirations becomes available to the person. In addition to this, the strong needs in a direction that is satisfying to the latent needs in employees and harness them in a manner that would be functional for the organization. Employee motivation is one of the major issues faced by every organization. It is the major task of every manager to motivate his subordinates or to create the ‘will to work’ among the subordinates. It should also be remembered that a worker may be immensely capable of doing some work; nothing can be achieved if he is not willing to work. A manager has to make appropriate use of motivation to enthuse the employees to follow them. Hence these studies focus on the employee motivation among the employees of Premier Buildings Materials Ltd. , The data needed for the study has been collected from the employees through questionnaires and through direct interviews. Analysis and interpretation has been done by using the statistical tools and data’s are presented through tables and charts. 1. 1INDUSTRY PROFILE: Energy has been universally recognized as one of the most important inputs for economic growth and human development. There is a strong two-way relationship between economic development and energy consumption. On one hand, growth of an economy, with its global competitiveness, hinges on the availability of cost-effective and environmentally benign energy sources, and on the other hand, the level of economic development has been observed to be reliant on the energy demand. Coal India now ranks third amongst the coal producing countries in the world. Being the most abundant fossil fuel in India till date, it continues to be one of the most important sources for meeting the domestic energy needs. It accounts for 55% of the country’s total energy supplies. Through sustained increase in investment, production of coal increased from about 70 MT (million tonnes) (MoC 2005) in early 1970s to 382 MT in 2004/05. Most of the coal production in India comes from open pit mines contributing to over 81% of the total production while underground mining accounts for rest of the national output mainly from Neyveli (MoC 2005) 1. 2COMPANY PROFILE: TAQA Abu Dhabi National Energy Company, PJSC (TAQA) Type state-owned Traded as ADX: TAQA Industry Energy Founded 2005 Headquarters Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Owner(s) Government of Abu Dhabi Employees 2,800 (Aug 2011) Subsidiaries TAQA North, TAQA Bratani Website www. taqa. ae The Abu Dhabi National Energy Company, PJSC (TAQA) (ADX: TAQA) is a government controlled energy holding company of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. TAQA is one of Abu Dhabi’s flagship companies and as such has an important role to play in helping to deliver the economic strategy of the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. [citation needed] History TAQA was founded in June 2005 pursuant to the provisions of Emiri Decree in 2005 as a public joint stock company. In May 2006 TAQA appointed Mr. Peter E. Barker-Homek, an American businessman, as its first CEO. TAQA expanded quickly under the guidance of Mr. Barker-Homek, making several key acquisitions in Africa and North America In Canada, TAQA acquired Northrock Resources Ltd. (US$ 2 billion) Pioneer Natural Resources Canada Inc (US$ 540 million) and PrimeWest Energy Trust (US$ 5 billion). In 2008 TAQA acquired several North Sea assets from Shell U. K. Limited and Esso Exploration and Production (UK) Limited. The purchase included all equity, associated infrastructure and production licenses relating to the Tern, Eider, Cormorant North, South Cormorant, Kestrel and Pelican fields and related sub-sea satellite fields. [citation needed] In late 2009 Mr Barker-Homek relinquished his position as CEO and was replaced by Carl Sheldon. Operations TAQAs main focus of investments is the companies engaged in power generation, water desalination, and production and storage of oil and gas. In addition, it has invested in mining, metal, and services sectors. TAQA has investments in over 60 companies. Its principal wholly owned subsidiaries include Emirates Power Company, Gulf Power Company, Arabian United Power Company, Al Shuweihat Power Company, Taweelah United Power Company, Union Power Holding Company, TAQA Bratani Limited, TAQA Energy B. V. , TAQA North Ltd. and Takoradi International Company, operator of the Takoradi Power Station II. TAQA owns majority stakes in assets that provide about 85% of Abu Dhabis power generation and 90% of its water desalination capacity. In addition to the Persian Gulf region, TAQA has assets in Europe, Asia and Africa. It has interests in the Tern Alpha, Eider Alpha, Cormorant North, Cormorant Alpha, Kestrel and Pelican fields and related sub-sea satellite fields in the North Sea. On 3 August 2009, TAQA took over operatorship of the North Sea Brent Oil Pipelines System. In addition, in 2006 TAQA acquired BP Nederland Energie B. V. Through this acquisition, TAQA get onshore and off-shore production assets, including the Piek Gas Installatie facility in Alkmaar, the project of the largest offshore LNG Regas facilities utilizing the depleted field P15/P18 just off the port of Rotterdam, and partnership in the Bergermeer gas storage project. In August 2009, it bought a 15% interest in North Sea assets from the L11b Group took over the operatorship of the L11b-A production platform. Through the acquisition of CMS Generation, TAQA has assets in the UAE, Ghana, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and India. On January 3, 2013, TAQA signed an agreement with Turkey to invest about $12 billion to develop the coal fields in the Southern Turkey. This deal is considered as the second biggest Arab investment in Turkey in the energy sector. Shareholders TAQA is listed on the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange. The company is 75. 1% indirectly owned by the government of Abu Dhabi. The government of Abu Dhabi through ADWEA owns 51%, ADWEA transferred 24. 1% of its shareholding to the Fund for the Support of Farm Owners in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. The balance (24. 9%) is traded publicly on the Abu Dhabi Securities Market. Finance Standard Poors has assigned A+/A-1 corporate credit ratings to TAQA. Moodys has assigned a rating of Aa3 to TAQAs long term foreign and local currency obligations. Combining world-class expertise and a dynamic and exciting portfolio of assets, TAQA has been transformed from a start-up into a truly global operator within the space of seven years. TAQA AT A GLANCE Full name Abu Dhabi National Energy Company PJSC Nature of business Oil and gas exploration and production, power generation and water desalination and Energy Solutions 2012 revenue AED 27. 8 Bn USD 7. 6 Bn 2012 profit AED 649 Mn USD 176. 7 Mn Total assets as at 31 Dec 2012 AED 122. 6 Bn USD 33. 4 Bn Number of employees 2,800 Operating in North America, Europe and Greater MENA (Middle East, North Africa and India) Founded June 2005 Listed August 2005 Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange Principal shareholders Abu Dhabi Government and Government agencies 72. 5% Public shareholders 27. 5% Power generation capacity 16,395 MW Water desalination capacity 887 MIGD Oil Gas production 135,400 boe/d * US$1. 00 (United States dollar) = AED3. 6725 (UAE dirhams) 1. 3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To study , analyze and to understand the motivational factors of employees of TAQA NEYVELI POWER COMPANY Pvt. , Ltd. , that affects their work place behavior. SECONDARY OBJECTIVE: To identify the various motivational schemes that already exists in the organization. To measure the level of motivation experienced by the employees in the organization 1. 4 NEED FOR THE STUDY: To study and know the employee motivation scenario in TAQA NEYVELI POWER COMPANY Pvt. , Ltd. ,, To know that the employees satisfaction level with the motivation factors undertaken by the company. To identify steps taken by the organization to motivates its employees. To identify the factors that influence the work place behavior of employees. 1. 5 SCOPE FOR THE STUDY: This study helps the researcher to realize the importance of effective employee motivation. This study explores the views expressed by the Respondents about the motivation and providing solutions in an attempt to develop a better system. The importance of studying employee motivation is to understand the internal satisfaction of every employee. The findings of this study help the company to fulfill the expectations of the employees. It helps to provide insights to support future research regarding strategic guidance for organizations that are both providing and using reward/recognition programs. 1. 6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: The limitations of the study are the following As the data was collected through questionnaire, the responds from the respondents may not be accurate. The sample taken for the study was only 30 and the results drawn may not be accurate. Another difficulty was very limited time-span of the project. Lack of experience of Researcher. CHAPTER-2: 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2. 1 THEORETICAL REVIEW Rensis Likerthas called motivation as the core of management. Motivation is the core of management. Motivation is an effective instrument in the hands of the management in inspiring the work force . It is the major task of every manager to motivate his subordinate or to create the will to work among the subordinates . It should also be remembered that the worker may be immensely capable of doing some work, nothing can be achieved if he is not willing to work . creation of a will to work is motivation in simple but true sense of term. Motivation is an important function which very manager performs for actuating the people to work for accomplishment of objectives of the organization . Issuance of well conceived instructions and orders does not mean that they will be followed . A manager has to make appropriate use of motivation to enthuse the employees to follow them. Effective motivation succeeds not only in having an order accepted but also in gaining a determination to see that it is executed efficiently and effectively. In order to motivate workers to work for the organizational goals, the managers must determine the motives or needs of the workers and provide an environment in which appropriate incentives are available for their satisfaction . If the management is successful in doing so; it will also be successful in increasing the willingness of the workers to work. This will increase efficiency and effectiveness of the organization . There will be better utilization of resources and workers abilities and capacities. 2. 1. 1 The concept of motivation The word motivation has been derived from motive which means any idea, need or emotion that prompts a man in to action. Whatever may be the behavior of man, there is some stimulus behind it . Stimulus is dependent upon the motive of the person concerned. Motive can be known by studying his needs and desires. There is no universal theory that can explain the factors influencing motives which control mans behavior at any particular point of time. In general, the different motives operate at different times among different people and influence their behaviors. The process of motivation studies the motives of individuals which cause different type of behavior. 2. 1. 2 Definition of Motivation â€Å"Motivation in the real world is the art of getting the extra effort from everyone including yourself†. Management Research, October 2007, ICFAI University press. 2. 1. 3 Saul W. Gellerman According to â€Å"Saul W. Gellerman†, â€Å"Motivation is the process of attempting to influence others to do their work through the possibility of gain or reward†. HRM Review, July 2008, by Saul W. Gellerman . 2. 1. 4 Motivation According to Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary, a motive is â€Å"something a need or desire that causes a person to act†. â€Å"Motivate, in turn, means â€Å"to provide with a motive,† and motivation is defined as â€Å"the act or process of motivating†. Consequently, motivation is the performance or procedure of presenting an intention that origin a person to capture some accomplishment (Shanks. N. H. ). According to Butkus Green, motivation is derived from the word â€Å"motivate†, means to move, push or influence to proceed for fulfilling a want Business Management and Strategy ISSN 2157-6068 2012, Vol. 3, No. 1 2. 1. 4 Significance of Motivation Motivation involves getting the members of the group to pull weight effectively, to give their loyalty to the group, to carry out properly the purpose of the organization. The following results may be expected if the employees are properly motivated. 1. The workforce will be better satisfied if the management provides them with opportunities to fulfill their physiological and psychological needs. The workers will cooperate voluntarily with the management and will contribute their maximum towards the goals of the enterprise. 2. Workers will tend to be as efficient as possible by improving upon their skills and knowledge so that they are able to contribute to the progress of the organization. This will also result in increased productivity. 3. The rates of labor’s turnover and absenteeism among the workers will be low. 4. There will be good human relations in the organization as friction among the workers themselves and between the workers and the management will decrease. 5. The number of complaints and grievances will come down. Accident will also be low. 6. There will be increase in the quantity and quality of products. Wastage and scrap will be less. Better quality of products will also increase the public image of the business. 2. 1. 5 Motivation Process. 1. Identification of need 2. Tension 3. Course of action 4. Result –Positive/Negative 5. Feed back 2. 1. 6 Theories of Motivation. Understanding what motivated employees and how they were motivated was the focus of many researchers following the publication of the Hawthorne study results (Terpstra, 1979). Six major approaches that have led to our understanding of motivation are Mcclelland’s Achievement Need Theory, Behavior Modification theory; Abraham H Mallows need hierarchy or Deficient theory of motivation. J. S. Adam’s Equity Theory, Vrooms Expectation Theory, Two factor Theory. McClelland’s Achievement Need Theory. According to McClelland’s there are three types of needs; Need for Achievement ; This need is the strongest and lasting motivating factor. Particularly in case of persons who satisfy the other needs. They are constantly pre occupied with a desire for improvement and lack for situation in which successful outcomes are directly correlated with their efforts. They set more difficult but achievable goals for themselves because success with easily achievable goals hardly provides a sense of achievement. Need for Power It is the desire to control the behavior of the other people and to manipulate the surroundings. Power motivations positive applications results in domestic leadership style, while it negative application tends autocratic style. Need for affiliation It is the related to social needs and creates friendship. This results in formation of informal groups or social circle. Behavioral Modification Theory; According to this theory people behavior is the outcome of favorable and unfavorable past circumstances. This theory is based on learning theory. Skinner conducted his researches among rats and school children. He found that stimulus for desirable behavior could be strengthened by rewarding it at the earliest. In the industrial situation, this relevance of this theory may be found in the installation of financial and non financial incentives. More immediate is the reward and stimulation or it motivates it. Withdrawal of reward incase of low standard work may also produce the desired result. However, researches show that it is generally more effective to reward desired behavior than to punish undesired behavior. Abraham H Maslow Need Hierarchy or Deficient theory of Motivation. The intellectual basis for most of motivation thinking has been provided by behavioral scientists, A. H Maslow and Frederick Herzberg, who’s published works are the â€Å"Bible of Motivation†. Although Maslow himself did not apply his theory to industrial situation, it has wide impact for beyond academic circles. Douglous Mac Gregor has used Maslow’s theory to interpret specific problems in personnel administration and industrial relations. The crux of Maslow’s theory is that human needs are arranged in hierarchy composed of five categories. The lowest level needs are physiological and the highest levels are the self actualization needs. Maslow starts with the formation that man is a wanting animal with a hierarchy of needs of which some are lower ins scale and some are in a higher scale or system of values. As the lower needs are satisfied, higher needs emerge. Higher needs cannot be satisfied unless lower needs are fulfilled. A satisfied need is not a motivator. This resembles the standard economic theory of diminishing returns. The hierarchy of needs at work in the individual is today a routine tool of personnel trade and when these needs are active, they act as powerful conditioners of behavior- as Motivators. Hierarchy of needs; the main needs of men are five. They are physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, ego needs and self actualization needs, as shown in order of their importance The above five basic needs are regarded as striving needs which make a person do things. The first model indicates the ranking of different needs. The second is more helpful in indicating how the satisfaction of the higher needs is based on the satisfaction of lower needs. It also shows how the number of person who has experienced the fulfillment of the higher needs gradually tapers off. Physiological or Body Needs: The individual move up the ladder responding first to the physiological needs for nourishment, clothing and shelter. These physical needs must be equated with pay rate, pay practices and to an extent with physical condition of the job. Safety: The next in order of needs is safety needs, the need to be free from danger, either from other people or from environment. The individual want to assured, once his bodily needs are satisfied, that they are secure and will continue to be satisfied for foreseeable feature. The safety needs may take the form of job security, security against disease, misfortune, old age etc as also against industrial injury. Such needs are generally met by safety laws, measure of social security, protective labor laws and collective agreements. Social needs: Going up the scale of needs the individual feels the desire to work in a cohesive group and develop a sense of belonging and identification with a group. He feels the need to love and be loved and the need to belong and be identified with a group. In a large organization it is not easy to build up social relations. However close relationship can be built up with at least some fellow workers. Every employee wants to feel that he is wanted or accepted and that he is not an alien facing a hostile group. Ego or Esteem Needs: These needs are reflected in our desire for status and recognition, respect and prestige in the work group or work place such as is conferred by the recognition of one’s merit by promotion, by participation in management and by fulfillment of workers urge for self expression. Some of the needs relate to ones esteem e. g. ; need for achievement, self confidence, knowledge, competence etc. On the job, this means praise for a job but more important it means a feeling by employee that at all times he has the respect of his supervisor as a person and as a contributor to the organizational goals. Self realization or Actualization needs: This upper level need is one which when satisfied provide insights to support future research regarding strategic guidance for organization that are both providing and using reward/recognition programs makes the employee gives up the dependence on others or on the environment. He becomes growth oriented, self oriented, directed, detached and creative. This need reflects a state defined in terms of the extent to which an individual attains his personnel goal. This is the need which totally lies within oneself and there is no demand from any external situation or person. J. S Adams Equity Theory Employee compares her/his job inputs outcome ratio with that of reference. If the employee perceives inequity, she/he will act to correct the inequity: lower productivity, reduced quality, increased absenteeism, voluntary resignation. Vrooms Expectation Theory Vroom’s theory is based on the belief that employee effort will lead to performance and performance will lead to rewards (Vroom, 1964). Reward may be either positive or negative. The more positive the reward the more likely the employee will be highly motivated. Conversely, the more negative the reward the less likely the employee will be motivated. Two Factor Theory Douglas McGregor introduced the theory with the help of two views; X assumptions are conservative in style Assumptions are modern in style. X Theory Individuals inherently dislike work. People must be coerced or controlled to do work to achieve the objectives. People prefer to be directed Y Theory People view work as being as natural as play and rest People will exercise self direction and control towards achieving objectives they are Committed to. People learn to accept and seek responsibility Types of Motivation. Intrinsic motivation occurs when people are internally motivated to do something because it either brings them pleasure, they think it is important, or they feel that what they are learning is morally significant. Extrinsic motivation comes into play when a student is compelled to do something or act a certain way because of factors external to him or her (like money or good grades) Incentives An incentive is something which stimulates a person towards some goal. It activates human needs and creates the desire to work. Thus, an incentive is a means of motivation. In organizations, increase in incentive leads to better performance and vice versa. Need for Incentives Man is a wanting animal. He continues to want something or other. He is never fully satisfied. If one need is satisfied, the other need arises. In order to motivate the employees, the management should try to satisfy their needs. For this purpose, both financial and non financial incentives may be used by the management to motivate the workers. Financial incentives or motivators are those which are associated with money. They include wages and salaries, fringe benefits, bonus, retirement benefits etc. Non financial motivators are those which are not associated with monetary rewards. They include intangible incentives like ego-satisfaction, self-actualization and responsibility. INCENTIVES Financial Incentives Non-financial incentives Wages and Salaries. * Competition Bonus * Group recognition Medical reimbursement *Job security Insurance *Praise Retirement benefits *Workers participation *Suggestion systems Motivation is the key to performance improvement There is an old saying you can take a horse to the water but you cannot force it to drink; it will drink only if its thirsty so with people. They will do what they want to do or otherwise motivated to do. Whether it is to excel on the workshop floor or in the ivory tower they must be motivated or driven to it, either by themselves or through external stimulus. Are they born with the self-motivation or drive? Yes and no. If no, they can be motivated, for motivation is a skill which can and must be learnt. This is essential for any business to survive and succeed. Performance is considered to be a function of ability and motivation, thus: Job performance = f (ability) (motivation) Ability in turn depends on education, experience and training and its improvement is a slow and long process. On the other hand motivation can be improved quickly. There are many options and an uninitiated manager may not even know where to start. As a guideline, there are broadly seven strategies for motivation. There are broadly seven strategies for motivation. Positive reinforcement / high expectations Effective discipline and punishment Treating people fairly Satisfying employee’s needs Setting work related goals Restructuring jobs Base rewards on job performance Essentially, there is a gap between an individual’s actual state and some desired state and the manager tries to reduce this gap. Motivation is, in effect, a means to reduce and manipulate this gap. 2. 2 RESEARCH REVIEW The research problem here in this study is associated with the motivation of employees of TAQA NEYVELI POWER COMPANY Pvt. , Ltd. ,. There are a variety of factors that can influence a person’s level of motivation; some of these factors include 1. The level of pay and benefits, 2. The perceived fairness of promotion system within a company, 3. Quality of the working conditions, 4. Leadership and social relationships, 5. Employee recognition 6. Job security 7. Career development opportunities etc. Motivated employees are a great asset to any organization. It is because the motivation and Job satisfaction is clearly linked. Hence this study is focusing on the employee motivation in the organization. 2. 3 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS A hypothesis is a preliminary or tentative explanation or postulate by the researcher of what the researcher considers the outcome of an investigation will be. It is an informed/educated guess. It indicates the expectations of the researcher regarding certain variables. It is the most specific way in which an answer to a problem can be stated. Research hypotheses are the specific testable predictions made about the independent and dependent variables in the study. Hypotheses are couched in terms of the particular independent and dependent variables that are going to be used in the study. The research hypothesis of this study is as follows. HYPOTHESIS: There is significant relationship between income and motivation level of the employees CHAPTER -3 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY. Research is a systematic method of finding solutions to problems. It is essentially an Investigation, a recording and an analysis of evidence for the purpose of gaining knowledge. According to Clifford woody, â€Å"research comprises of defining and redefining problem, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions, collecting, organizing and evaluating data, reaching conclusions, testing conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulated hypothesis. † 3. 1 RESEARCH DESIGN: A Research design is plan that specifies the objectives of the study, method to be adopted in the collection of the data, tools in analysis of data and helpful to frame hypothesis. â€Å"A research design is the arrangement of condition for collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to research purpose with economy in procedure†. Research design is needed because it facilitates the smooth sailing of the various project operations, thereby making the project as efficient as possible yielding maximal information with minimal data collected. 3. 2 Sampling Design. A sample design is a finite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population. Simple systematic sampling is used for this study. 3. 3 Universe. The universe chosen for the research study is the employees of TAQA NEYVELI POWER COMPANY Pvt. , Ltd. , 3. 4 Sample Size. Number of the sampling units selected from the population is called the size of the sample. Sample of 30 respondents were obtained from the population. 3. 5 Sampling Procedure. The procedure adopted in the present study is probability sampling, which is also known as chance sampling. Under this sampling design, every item of the frame has an equal chance of inclusion in the sample. 3. 6 Methods of Data Collection. The data’s were collected through Primary and secondary sources. 3. 6. 1 Primary Sources. Primary data are in the form of â€Å"raw material† to which statistical methods are applied for the purpose of analysis and interpretations. The primary sources are discussion with employees, data’s collected through questionnaire. 3. 6. 2 Secondary Sources. Secondary data’s are in the form of finished products as they have already been treated statistically in some form or other. The secondary data mainly consists of data and information collected from records, company websites and also discussion with the management of the organization. Secondary data was also collected from journals, magazines and books. 3. 6. 3 Nature of Research. Descriptive research, also known as statistical research, describes data and characteristics about the population or phenomenon being studied. Descriptive research answers the questions who, what, where, when and how. Although the data description is factual, accurate and systematic, the research cannot describe what caused a situation. Thus, descriptive research cannot be used to create a causal relationship, where one variable affects another. In other words, descriptive research can be said to have a low requirement for internal validity. 3. 6. 4 Questionnaire. A well defined questionnaire that is used effectively can gather information on both overall performance of the test system as well as information on specific components of the system. A defeated questionnaire was carefully prepared and specially numbered. The questions were arranged in proper order, in accordance with the relevance. 3. 6. 5 Nature of Questions Asked. The questionnaire consists of closed ended, dichotomous questions and open ended question. 3. 6. 6 Pre-testing A pre-testing of questionnaire was conducted with 10 questionnaires, which were distributed and all of them were collected back as completed questionnaire. On the basis of doubts raised by the respondents the questionnaire was redialed to its present form. 3. 6. 7 Sample A finite subset of population, selected from it with the objective of investigating its properties called a sample. A sample is a representative part of the population. A sample of 30 respondents in total has been randomly selected. The response to various elements under each questions were totaled for the purpose of various statistical testing. 3. 6. 8 Variables of the Study. The direct variable of the study is the employee motivation, Indirect variables are the motivational schemes, motivational level and job satisfaction and effectiveness of employees. 3. 6. 9 Presentation of Data. The data are presented through charts and tables. 3. 6. 10 Tools and Techniques for Analysis. Statistical method: Percentage method Bar chart Statistical tool used: To arrange and interpret the collected data the following statistical tool used is ANOVA. CHAPTER-4 4. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION: 4. 1 PE